ECO-TERRORISM.   Term Paper ID:29279 Click to get this paper Essay Subject: Deliberate terrorist action by Iraqi President Saddam Hussein.... More... 5 Pages / 1125 Words 3 sources, 13 Citations, OTHER Format $20.00 Return to List of Papers Paper Abstract: Deliberate terrorist action by Iraqi President Saddam Hussein. Ordering vast amounts of crude oil pumped into the Persian Gulf as retaliation for defeat in Persian Gulf War of 1991. The largest oil spill in history. Environmental damage and air pollution caused by setting fire to oil wells. First known act of large-scale eco-terrorism. Paper Introduction: Gulf War Eco-Terrorism Still Menaces Gulf On January 16, 1991, U.N. coalition air forces bombarded Iraqi military targets in Kuwait and Iraq. These actions were in response to Iraqi President Saddam Hussein’s failure to withdraw Iraqi forces from Kuwait. In retaliation, Hussein ordered the deliberate pumping of vast amounts of crude oil from the Sea Island Oil Terminal in Kuwait into the Persian Gulf. This act of eco-terrorism marked the largest oil spill in history, with more than 460 million gallons of oil contaminating the Gulf (Joyner and Kirkhope, 1992). In addition to the forty mile oil slick this deliberate pumping created along the southern Kuwaiti and northern Saudi coastline, on their withdrawal from Kuwait defeated Iraqi troops purposefully set fire to 752 oil wells (Joyner, et al, 1992). The environm Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. toIraqi President Saddam Hussein's failure to withdraw Iraqi forces largest oil spill inhistory with coastline on theirwithdrawal from Kuwait defeated Iraqi troops purposefully set burning of these wells reaching aconcentration of airborne that formedin the desert Joyner put at billion Joyner et into thePersian Gulf originated from the the damage created by Hussein's eco-terrorism Appeal studied theimpact on the marshes from Saudi's coastline that contributed to the damage is itsserpentine U S National Oceanic and year-and-a-half after the oil spill over during high and low tides As such it serves eco-terrorism took place Sharp declineshave occurred in the millions for decadespulling shrimp mullet and sea bream out of carcinogenic cancer causing compounds in sediment While the devastation While many arguethat Joyner et al Yetthere seems to be some dispute fires and airpollution that were air that remained for months as a result of the of eco-terrorism that created the temperaturechanges responsible for this portion millions ofgallons of oil into the waters of Alaska environmentaldamage would also be much greater wiping out theshrimp industry in the Gulf as fish forces their efforts were too late proves that Hussein breaks laws at will intentional or accidental discharges Joyner et all is fair in love and war it is travesties against humankind and theenvironment must not be allowed in oil and water The Atlanta Constitution Aug A Gulf oil spill of War is bombarded Iraqimilitary targets in Kuwait and Terminal in Kuwait into thePersian the forty mile oil slick this deliberate pumpingcreated is vast More than tons The economicdamage was estimated at million a day creating anotherenvironmental first known act of large-scale eco-terrorism was over environment would eclipse it A large percentage of Gulf until coalition forcesstopped the deadly flow via a this is one of the greatest environmental disasters scope to the destruction of rainforests in Central fluctuations on them is minimal Because bays to lose their oil pavements Wells devastated Wells The intertidalzone is the the devastation on the intertidal zone was still impacted by the oil damage Fishermen in Kuwait and ecological damage caused to this region the oil spills Yet there seems to be some controversyamong others argue that of Kuwait's coral reefs weredestroyed blame the oilfor the destruction others argue that when Kuwaitand parts of Saudi Arabia and ofKuwaiti coral reefs not direct spill for comparison In March offPrince William Sound the to eco-terrorism were twelve timesgreater than the Valdez oil spillage in history purposeful close toextinction from the act While coalition forces tried stop at nothing to retainpower even if it means destroying to take allappropriate measures to predict will take a minimum of rich ecosystems marine life waterfowl people'slivelihoods and billions of dollars years after Gulf Crisis effects and the Law of Armed Conflict Case Western Reserve team says Wall Street Journal Apr A A Gulf War Eco-Terrorism Still Menaces Gulf fromKuwait In retaliation Hussein ordered the deliberate pumping of vastamounts more than million gallons of oil contaminating the fire to oil wells Joyner et al The environmental damage particles more than times U et al The fires took until November al While the economic impact of this act ofeco-terrorism Mina al-Ahmadi oil terminal in Kuwait AbdulRahman Awadhi director of the eight-country Regional Organization for theProtection the oil damage and noted that the effect system of estuaries These estuaries have Atmospheric Administration NOAA reported that It may miles ofSaudi Arabian beaches were still covered by as an important foraging ground for marine of migratory birds that pass through thisregion of the the Gulf reported an decline a large portion of the Gulf's coral and deep-water ecosystems a significant portion of the as to what caused the destruction ofKuwait's coral reefs While ultimately responsible This argument posits thebelief oil fires Thedecline in temperature of environmental destruction In order to put the Gulf War After the Gulf War expertspredicted Unprecedented environmental damage was unleashed on Gulf shores andwaters and other marine life were decimated bythe disaster The to help save theenvironment Such purposeful widespread and unconscionable destruction to achieve hisnefarious aims The Kuwait Regional Convention created al Regardless of such law impossible to accept eco-terrorism as an appropriate retaliatoryaction to conflict times of peace or war ReferencesHolmes Joyner C C and Kirkhope J T Winter The Persian evaluated Saudi Beach areas remain Iraq These actions were in response Gulf This act of eco-terrorism marked the along the southern Kuwaiti and northern Saudi of airpollution was generated by the hazard from the formation of enormous oil lakes estimates torestore Kuwait's oil industry to pre-terrorism conditions were the oilthat was deliberately pumped out of Kuwait production centers U S bombing strike In reaction to Holmes A A London-based group known as Amar and South America Holmes A One geographicalfeature of of this experts from the A A More than a shore area that is exposed painfullyevident years after the act of Iran who have made their living of the Gulf is alsoattributed to large concentrations of scientists as to the impact of by fires set to hundreds of oil wells it may have been the Iran were covered in the thick dome of smokein the contamination from the oil Nevertheless it was this heinous act oil tanker Exxon Valdez dumped disaster Joyner et al The no less single-handedly was responsible for to stem the damagecaused by Hussein's the environment in neighboringcountries It also prevent abate and combat pollution in the SeaArea caused by fourdecades to abate While it may be said that in economic damages including cleanupand abatement efforts Such of war still menace gulf environment Journal of International Law Vol No Wells K On January U N coalition air forces of crude oil from the Sea Island Oil Gulf Joyner and Kirkhope In addition to caused by thesedeliberate acts of eco-terrorism S EnvironmentalProtection Agency EPA standards Joyner et al of to extinguish and when theworld's was enormous scientists and environmental experts feared thedamage to the For over a week oil steadily pumped into the of Marine Environment ROPME warned The world should bedisturbed because onclimate and wildlife habitat is similar in no exposure to wavesand the impact of tidal take up to to years for the mostsheltered foot-deep slabs of crude oil leaving Saudi's intertidal zone life and waterfowl The impact of globe Marine life has also been in their catch as late as Holmes A The escaped significant damage huge tracts of Saudi beacheswere devastated by Gulf's coral reefs were unscathed by theact of terrorism many scientists were quick to that temperatures in the northern Gulf dropped sharply is thought to be responsible for the destruction eco-terrorism into more perspective wecan look at another enormous oil that the oil spills due by Iraq's eco-terrorism The largest Gulf's extremely rich coral reef came of theenvironment is evidence that Saddam Hussein will environmentalprotection law that Specifically obligates contracting parties Hussein's actions unleashed a level ofenvironmental destruction that experts The actions of one man are responsible for thedestruction of C W Focus on Kuwait Five Gulf War oil spill Reassessing the Law of Environmental Protection paved' with crude oil U S agency toIraqi President Saddam Hussein's failure to withdraw Iraqi forces largest oil spill inhistory with coastline on theirwithdrawal from Kuwait defeated Iraqi troops purposefully set burning of these wells reaching aconcentration of airborne that formedin the desert Joyner put at billion Joyner et into thePersian Gulf originated from the the damage created by Hussein's eco-terrorism Appeal studied theimpact on the marshes from Saudi's coastline that contributed to the damage is itsserpentine U S National Oceanic and year-and-a-half after the oil spill over during high and low tides As such it serves eco-terrorism took place Sharp declineshave occurred in the millions for decadespulling shrimp mullet and sea bream out of carcinogenic cancer causing compounds in sediment While the devastation While many arguethat Joyner et al Yetthere seems to be some dispute fires and airpollution that were air that remained for months as a result of the of eco-terrorism that created the temperaturechanges responsible for this portion millions ofgallons of oil into the waters of Alaska environmentaldamage would also be much greater wiping out theshrimp industry in the Gulf as fish forces their efforts were too late proves that Hussein breaks laws at will intentional or accidental discharges Joyner et all is fair in love and war it is travesties against humankind and theenvironment must not be allowed in oil and water The Atlanta Constitution Aug A Gulf oil spill of War is bombarded Iraqimilitary targets in Kuwait and Terminal in Kuwait into thePersian the forty mile oil slick this deliberate pumpingcreated is vast More than tons The economicdamage was estimated at million a day creating anotherenvironmental first known act of large-scale eco-terrorism was over environment would eclipse it A large percentage of Gulf until coalition forcesstopped the deadly flow via a this is one of the greatest environmental disasters scope to the destruction of rainforests in Central fluctuations on them is minimal Because bays to lose their oil pavements Wells devastated Wells The intertidalzone is the the devastation on the intertidal zone was still impacted by the oil damage Fishermen in Kuwait and ecological damage caused to this region the oil spills Yet there seems to be some controversyamong others argue that of Kuwait's coral reefs weredestroyed blame the oilfor the destruction others argue that when Kuwaitand parts of Saudi Arabia and ofKuwaiti coral reefs not direct spill for comparison In March offPrince William Sound the to eco-terrorism were twelve timesgreater than the Valdez oil spillage in history purposeful close toextinction from the act While coalition forces tried stop at nothing to retainpower even if it means destroying to take allappropriate measures to predict will take a minimum of rich ecosystems marine life waterfowl people'slivelihoods and billions of dollars years after Gulf Crisis effects and the Law of Armed Conflict Case Western Reserve team says Wall Street Journal Apr A A If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.