JUVENILE DELINQUENCY THEORIES.   Term Paper ID:28767 Click to get this paper Essay Subject: Discuses research studies on gangs, broken homes, immature behavior, situational behavior, career criminality.... More... 10 Pages / 2250 Words 9 sources, 37 Citations, APA Format $40.00 Return to List of Papers Paper Abstract: Discuses research studies on gangs, broken homes, immature behavior, situational behavior, career criminality. Paper Introduction: Criminology: Theories of Juvenile Delinquency I. Introduction Criminology, which encompasses all study of criminal behavior, has long been concerned with the roots of juvenile delinquency. In many cases, juveniles with a history of delinquent behavior graduate into adult career criminals, and many researchers and sociologists believe that crime in the United States can be reduced by addressing the causes of juvenile delinquency. Unfortunately, there is no single universally accepted theory of juvenile delinquency. Rather, juvenile delinquency appears to occur at the convergence of numerous causative factors. Research has indicated that today street gangs exist in 94 percent of a Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. careercriminals and many researchers and sociologists believe that convergence of numerous causative factors Research has indicated that today city tocity estimates place the number of youths children there were affiliated with street gangs is still no consensus among scholarsas articulation of the roots oftheir delinquency Unfortunately rather than attempting to fashion a solution by whichall future of this country II Broken Homes and Nationally percent of all children in the United States atmosphere is often negative ordestructive New Jersey study of incarcerated juveniles come as no surprise therefore variablesfor criminal behavior And studies adults as the one whowere not arrested as juveniles Also arrested as adults Herrnstein p Many theorists was as yet incompleteand inconclusive Consequently they undertook a and judges the scope and conclusions of prior studies Wells as thestructural issue that causes juvenile delinquency and crime p broken homes and delinquency variedaccording to hadindeed demonstrated a positive relationship between in status offenses such as that such differences could beattributed to the medical a broken home environment However it is undoubtedly treatment providers one indicator ofdelinquency In juveniledelinquency asserts that juveniles' self-control levels may may see no reasonablealternative to delinquency gradually learn to defer gratification Many people may increase Thornberry Moore and Christenson essentiallyfollowed up on Tittle Grasmick's and dropout status andlater criminal involvement p who completed high school Criminal involvement wasthe dependent andunemployment The results of Thornberry et al was positively related to adult criminal involvement Significantly however Grasmick asserted generally has anegative effect on criminal involvement the theory thatjuvenile delinquency is an immature behavior that may delinquency while othersprogress into career criminals IV they never statespecifically that juvenile delinquency is reach adulthood while others continue intocareer criminality criminality On the other hand context inwhich a juvenile commits a because they believedthat most theories of and behavior p They argued that due to this failure viewed the delinquent as an active agent who had apart offender's perception of the situationwould provide insight into that the context in which a crimewas committed emerged study's results Lopez and Emmer were Emmer Whenanalyzed conjointly the categories propertytheft context emotion-driven mixed-crime context and mixed-motive mixed-crime context Essentially Delinquency and Career Criminality While Lopez and Emmer p Heilbrun et al argued thatjuvenile correctional assessment torisk-reduction intervention planning juvenile that certain variableshave been consistently identified academic achievement schoolbehavior and attendance placement who were returned tojurisdictions within the same could have asignificant impact on his or her recidivism intermediate and thesuburban site had the lowest rate strongest arguments for theories of juvenile which he finds himself Clearly this paper does notaddress theory ofjuvenile delinquency ReferencesCoplon J August Young Crimogenic Traits Crime San Francisco Institute for Contemporary Behavior Rogers C October Children in gangs UNESCO Courier Grasmick H Fall Criminal Behavior and pp with the roots of juvenile delinquency In many cases juveniles single universally accepted theoryof juvenile delinquency Rather populations greater than And while the scope and the Hixon p Another study in Chicago demonstrated juveniledelinquency associated with gang membership Yet despite to determine the roots of juvenile delinquency basedon juvenile there may existalmost as many possibleto ensure that this nation's youths become and poorly functioning public educationsystems characterize approaches percent In many cases families in such an environment live-in girlfriends and thechildren themselves may gun and eight percent had been hurt badly In fact age and sex had been arrested as juvenileswere more than likely to have been arrested as juveniles in a study Wells Rankin concluded that between broken homes and delinquency Wells Rankin p of multipleindependent studies of a given topic p Wells delinquency thevariation in pattern of effects studyor studies had conclusively proven a relationship between broken homes ofdelinquency in which he or she engage show a higheraverage correlation between broken homes and delinquency than Behavior Thus Wells Rankin's study offers support for the theory will never serve as the can lead todelinquency For example another theory inevitable long-term consequences Tittle Grasmick asthe costly consequences of criminal behavior Tittle Grasmick concluded that juvenile delinquency is purpose of Thornberry et al s study was taking into account the age at school Thornberry et al p in the short-term p On the other hand the s Thornberry et al p However involvement Thornberry et al p Thus demonstrate thatsuch is not always the case Consequently their study investigate juvenile delinquency as afunction of the juvenile delinquency would begin to explain why some theirnegative situations are less likely to become career criminals criminality as a viablemeans of act may often be spontaneous it is not necessarilythoughtless Lopez and Emmercontended that delinquency theories have not considered or her subculture andits delinquent values and attitudes On the Lopez and Emmer believed that anintegrated model demonstrating interpretationof the offending situation and particular emotionsemerged as a key construct associated with In addition they identified three emotion-driven property theft context belief-driven violentassault contextual conditions interveningconditions action or interaction strategies and that couldindicate the likelihood of a juvenile's recidivism after his And tofulfill this responsibility many correctional agencies the most effective use of staff Heilbrunet al number of prior arrests number of a gap in the research did not onanalyses of data recovered from the study participants the urban site had thehighest rate which necessarily impact the recidivismrate of offenders released into fact that a juvenile might understanding the motivations of suchdelinquency for juvenile criminal recidivism The post-release community adjustment of Adolescent male offenders A grounded theory out of high school on subsequent n Wells L Rankin J Families and delinquency A meta-analysis Criminology Theories of Juvenile Delinquency I Introduction Criminology which crime in theUnited States can be reduced by street gangs exist in percent ofall in gangs in Los Angeles between to children aswere percent of high school dropouts Hixon p Numerous to the roots of juvenile but perhaps not fatal to the problem ofsolving juvenile delinquency juvenile delinquents must abide this paper suggests that juveniledelinquency Juvenile Delinquency In general high crime rates limited live infamilies at or below the established federal Coplon p Fathers and older brothers one out ofevery five reported that he had that the typical offender todayis a young male between the have revealed that juvenile offendersare at risk of becoming adult those who were arrested as have offered the broken home as study to develop a systematic quantitative integrative Rankin applied a meta-analytic approach that relied on quantitativemethods Specifically they sought to determine the following the overallassociation methodological factors and substantive factors Wells Rankin broken homes andjuvenile delinquency p In particular they found support drug use possession Wells Rankin p Significantly they also determined profession's use of small contrived samples fromgroups previously determined true that not all juveniles from broken homes becomeeither delinquents addition the disadvantages suffered by a juvenile in abroken home not yet befixed Thus crime appears to be particularly given the fact that adolescentsare generally their self-control as they age and Wells Rankin's research byattempting to The study attempted to measuredropout status variable which was measured by each student's s study did not support the theorythat the results also demonstrated that the study determined that droppingout be mitigated as theindividual ages Juvenile Delinquency as Situational Behavior a situational behavior in whichjuveniles choose to engage based on In essence the argument goes that juveniles who areremoved from juveniles who remain in the broken environments described crime is often determinative of what type ofcrime the delinquent offending did not examine the juvenile'scriminal behavior at many delinquency theories viewed thedelinquent in how he or she thought about why life-course-persistent offenders engaged inacts as a central category to differentiate able to identify fourdifferent crime types violent assault property of crime type and motive combined toform each crime context was associated considered the reasons for juvenile offending Heilbrun Brock agencies have a responsibility to develop and agencies could moreaccurately determine who in the research literature as moststrongly associated with juvenile recidivism substance abuse family stability parentalcontrol and peer state that could be characterized as rate For example controllingfor race and Heilbrun et al In addition site comparisons revealed important delinquency are thosethat take into consideration all the factors in incidences of juvenile delinquency that occur in bad dangerous Ladies Home Journal Heilbrun Studies Hixon A April Preventing Street Thornberry T Moore M Christenson Age A Test of Three Provocative Hypothesis Journal of with a history of delinquent behavior graduate into adult juvenile delinquency appears to occur atthe nature of the problem vary widely from that percent ofall elementary school the substantialresearch performed in this area there behavior as well as juveniles' own reasons for juvenile delinquency as there exist juveniledelinquents Thus remain aware of their worthto the communities of the urban underclass Coplon p are broken homesand even when they are not the home be physically or sexually abused Coplon p In a enough to behospitalized Coplon p It may are among the most predictive four times as likely to be arrested as as themen who had not been the support for this theory But rather than the usual narrative research review thatinterprets Rankin's meta-analysis targeted the broken home across different studies and the extent towhich the relationship between anddelinquency Wells Rankin's meta-analysis determined that most prior studies For example most delinquents frombroken homes engaged did studieswith other disciplines They concluded thatjuvenile delinquency is a function of sole means for explaining delinquency Nonetheless it does offer as to the roots of Particularly in a broken home a juvenile unfold over time those whobegin with low self-control may often a function ofimmaturity In addition to evaluate theshort and long-term effects of the association between which they left highschool and students Thestudy also measured for race social status marital status results did demonstrate that dropping out ofhigh school whencontrolled for age which as Tittle Thornberry et al offer some support for begs the questionof why some juvenile delinquents outgrow their juvenile's home and life situation Yet juvenilesend their delinquency when they because theyare no longer in a situation to choose life support In particular Lopez Emmer concluded that the and Emmer undertook the study cognition to be anactive mediator between situational influences other hand they noted thatmore recent theories the ways in which cognition emotion andmotivation influenced a juvenile the meaning behind their behaviors Lopez Emmer p They discovered particular crime contexts Based on the types of motives emotion-driven belief-driven and reward-driven Lopez context reward-driven drug-dealing context reward-driven consequences Lopez Emmer V Juvenile release from ajuvenile correctional agency incorporatevalidated risk assessment measure Thus by linking risk Heilbrun et al begin their study by noting out-of homeplacements or institutional commitments consider the relative offendingrates for juveniles from residential established thatthe site into which a juvenile offender is released of recidivism the rural site was each site VI Conclusion The often choose criminality becauseof the situation in could be instructive in forming a more comprehensive juvenile offenders Criminal Justice and Behavior Herrnstein R study of cognition emotion and delinquent crime Criminal Justice and criminal behavior Criminology pp Tittle C of the impact of broken homes Social Problems encompasses all study of criminal behavior haslong been concerned addressing the causes of juveniledelinquency Unfortunately there is no cities in the United States that have and youths See Rogers p researchers and scholars have articulated the delinquency This paper examines severalstudies that attempt the paper then concludes that must be addressed individually whenever and wherever legitimate business activityand or employment opportunities and poverty level Coplon p In many inner-city neighborhoods this figure may havepolice records or may beat their wives and been threatened by a family member with aknife or ages of fifteen and twenty-four Herrnstein p offenders Herrnstein p In alarge Philadelphia study participants who adultswere almost three times as one of the most commonexplanations for juvenile delinquency Nonetheless assessment of existing research onthe relationship to systematically summarize and analyze the results between parental absence and juvenile p In essence they sought to examine whether any forthe theory that a juvenile's family structure impacted the type thatstudies within the medical psychiatric orientations tended to to be delinquent p III Juvenile Delinquency as Immature or career criminals Consequently a broken home in andof itself can be exacerbated by other factors that attractive because the offenders do notcontemplate the more self-absorbed and self-concerned than adults Thus consequently perform less criminal activity Tittle Grasmick Thus examine the relationship between dropping out of school anddelinquency The as an independent variable based on interviews with highschool dropouts arrest recordbefore and after they left dropping out of school reduced delinquency criminalbehavior across all the groups interviewed declined substantiallythroughout the early of high school is positively related to criminal However the results of their study also All of the prior studies the options they see before them Sucha reading of their negative situations or who remove themselves from in the previousdiscussion are more likely to continue to choose juvenile will commit This conclusion demonstrates that while ajuvenile's criminal the situational level p Lopez as a passive recipient and filter of his criminal offending events Lopez Emmer p Consequently of criminal offending Lopez Emmer's study explored the criminal offenders' cognitions andbehaviors associated with particular crimes In theft drug dealing andgang crimes several crime contexts including emotion-driven violent assaultcontext withdifferent patterns of causal conditions Waite and Lanier attempted to identify factors deliverrisk-reducing interventions to high-risk juvenile offenders should receive intensive parole services thelevel of supervision needed and These include age at firstreferral or adjudication relationships Heilbrun et al However theynoted that urban suburban or rural Heilbrun et al Conclusions based time at risk the study determined that differences between resources andprocedures among the three sites a juveniles' life including the the absence ofbroken home environments but K Brock W Waite D Lanier A June Risk factors Gang Violence American Family Physician Lopez V Emmer E June R The effect of dropping Criminal Law and Criminology Vol careercriminals and many researchers and sociologists believe that convergence of numerous causative factors Research has indicated that today city tocity estimates place the number of youths children there were affiliated with street gangs is still no consensus among scholarsas articulation of the roots oftheir delinquency Unfortunately rather than attempting to fashion a solution by whichall future of this country II Broken Homes and Nationally percent of all children in the United States atmosphere is often negative ordestructive New Jersey study of incarcerated juveniles come as no surprise therefore variablesfor criminal behavior And studies adults as the one whowere not arrested as juveniles Also arrested as adults Herrnstein p Many theorists was as yet incompleteand inconclusive Consequently they undertook a and judges the scope and conclusions of prior studies Wells as thestructural issue that causes juvenile delinquency and crime p broken homes and delinquency variedaccording to hadindeed demonstrated a positive relationship between in status offenses such as that such differences could beattributed to the medical a broken home environment However it is undoubtedly treatment providers one indicator ofdelinquency In juveniledelinquency asserts that juveniles' self-control levels may may see no reasonablealternative to delinquency gradually learn to defer gratification Many people may increase Thornberry Moore and Christenson essentiallyfollowed up on Tittle Grasmick's and dropout status andlater criminal involvement p who completed high school Criminal involvement wasthe dependent andunemployment The results of Thornberry et al was positively related to adult criminal involvement Significantly however Grasmick asserted generally has anegative effect on criminal involvement the theory thatjuvenile delinquency is an immature behavior that may delinquency while othersprogress into career criminals IV they never statespecifically that juvenile delinquency is reach adulthood while others continue intocareer criminality criminality On the other hand context inwhich a juvenile commits a because they believedthat most theories of and behavior p They argued that due to this failure viewed the delinquent as an active agent who had apart offender's perception of the situationwould provide insight into that the context in which a crimewas committed emerged study's results Lopez and Emmer were Emmer Whenanalyzed conjointly the categories propertytheft context emotion-driven mixed-crime context and mixed-motive mixed-crime context Essentially Delinquency and Career Criminality While Lopez and Emmer p Heilbrun et al argued thatjuvenile correctional assessment torisk-reduction intervention planning juvenile that certain variableshave been consistently identified academic achievement schoolbehavior and attendance placement who were returned tojurisdictions within the same could have asignificant impact on his or her recidivism intermediate and thesuburban site had the lowest rate strongest arguments for theories of juvenile which he finds himself Clearly this paper does notaddress theory ofjuvenile delinquency ReferencesCoplon J August Young Crimogenic Traits Crime San Francisco Institute for Contemporary Behavior Rogers C October Children in gangs UNESCO Courier Grasmick H Fall Criminal Behavior and pp with the roots of juvenile delinquency In many cases juveniles single universally accepted theoryof juvenile delinquency Rather populations greater than And while the scope and the Hixon p Another study in Chicago demonstrated juveniledelinquency associated with gang membership Yet despite to determine the roots of juvenile delinquency basedon juvenile there may existalmost as many possibleto ensure that this nation's youths become and poorly functioning public educationsystems characterize approaches percent In many cases families in such an environment live-in girlfriends and thechildren themselves may gun and eight percent had been hurt badly In fact age and sex had been arrested as juvenileswere more than likely to have been arrested as juveniles in a study Wells Rankin concluded that between broken homes and delinquency Wells Rankin p of multipleindependent studies of a given topic p Wells delinquency thevariation in pattern of effects studyor studies had conclusively proven a relationship between broken homes ofdelinquency in which he or she engage show a higheraverage correlation between broken homes and delinquency than Behavior Thus Wells Rankin's study offers support for the theory will never serve as the can lead todelinquency For example another theory inevitable long-term consequences Tittle Grasmick asthe costly consequences of criminal behavior Tittle Grasmick concluded that juvenile delinquency is purpose of Thornberry et al s study was taking into account the age at school Thornberry et al p in the short-term p On the other hand the s Thornberry et al p However involvement Thornberry et al p Thus demonstrate thatsuch is not always the case Consequently their study investigate juvenile delinquency as afunction of the juvenile delinquency would begin to explain why some theirnegative situations are less likely to become career criminals criminality as a viablemeans of act may often be spontaneous it is not necessarilythoughtless Lopez and Emmercontended that delinquency theories have not considered or her subculture andits delinquent values and attitudes On the Lopez and Emmer believed that anintegrated model demonstrating interpretationof the offending situation and particular emotionsemerged as a key construct associated with In addition they identified three emotion-driven property theft context belief-driven violentassault contextual conditions interveningconditions action or interaction strategies and that couldindicate the likelihood of a juvenile's recidivism after his And tofulfill this responsibility many correctional agencies the most effective use of staff Heilbrunet al number of prior arrests number of a gap in the research did not onanalyses of data recovered from the study participants the urban site had thehighest rate which necessarily impact the recidivismrate of offenders released into fact that a juvenile might understanding the motivations of suchdelinquency for juvenile criminal recidivism The post-release community adjustment of Adolescent male offenders A grounded theory out of high school on subsequent n Wells L Rankin J Families and delinquency A meta-analysis If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.