AIR POLLUTION.   Term Paper ID:28316 Click to get this paper Essay Subject: Explains outdoor & indoor air pollutants, sources, health hazards, EPA guidelines.... More... 12 Pages / 2700 Words 8 sources, 15 Citations, MLA Format $48.00 Return to List of Papers Paper Abstract: Explains outdoor & indoor air pollutants, sources, health hazards, EPA guidelines. Paper Introduction: INTRODUCTION Air pollution has been a public issue for decades and has been identified as having numerous health consequences. It has also spawned a good deal of effort to curb emissions from automobiles and factories and to maintain the forests and other natural entities which help preserve a good atmosphere. Air and water pollution have probably been the primary concerns which originally energized a number of groups in society to try to do something about the problem of pollution. Among the groups fighting to stop air pollution were the Sierra Club, the Audubon Society, scientific groups, Zero Population Growth, and other citizen-led groups. While no one was specifically agitating for pollution as such, business interests fought to prevent regulations they considered excessive and costly, such as Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. factories and tomaintain the forests and other natural entities groups fighting tostop air pollution were the Sierra Club reducing emissions from factories or calling for air pollution from a variety of sources including burning of fossil fuels by industry Even clean the earth and various nitrogenand sulfur compounds The air would of chloride salts sulfuric and nitrousacids phosphorous compounds and many air pollutants found in most urban areas problems Serious health problems can occurquickly when air pollutants thermoelectric powerplants Motor vehicles produce high CO is one of the major pollutants in theatmosphere while in thecentury since the Less developed countries contain percent of the world's peoplebut are than the atmosphere but if the concentration of CO in a good transmitter of sunlight but it partiallyrestricts infrared radiation CO in the atmosphere reinforces this effect andcould most of the atmospheric contaminants Socha There nitrogen dioxide both produced in high quantities engines Nitric oxide NO plays a major part respiratory function in children and with the greaterlikelihood of acute the troposphere where it stays for about years produced by combustion of fuels that containsulfur such irritates the upper respiratory tractand so makes breathing and factories and the tall winds to form secondary pollutants such asnitrogen a fog dew or solid were leading toincreased acidification of the health Today though public and mediainterest in acid pollution problem it once was McCormick Another Canada and mostScandinavian countries since but they are still theburning of plastic foam products CFCs stay in the turn speed up the breakdown differentpollutants are emitted in different concentrations and standards one more day thanLos Angeles officials and environmentalists warn thatSouthern California is still industries in the area stopped emitting pollution LosAngeles andthree in the eastern San Gabriel Valley Orange County had making them themajor reason that the Inland from theurban core and placing a variety of air problems have been perceivedfor mostindustrialized cities People spend approximately percent of their most susceptible to its effects such as theyoung the pollution andamong these sources are oil gas kerosene coal wood and outdoor air pollution which may come inside Outdoor and around windows and doors Air movement is caused by airis called the air exchange rate When products we use everyday contain volatile organiccompounds which and hobby products These compounds two to five times higher of these compounds can continue in the tract irritation headaches dizziness visual disorders in homes U S EnvironmentalProtection Agency The carpeting Arecent study by the agency shows that volatile organic covering materials for total VOC recent preliminary study found thatmice exposed Air Quality Some types of their blood Lead is found long-term health effects of lead canbe severe and include learning Offices also are sources of pollution from specific building problems includingsuch health effects as Legionnaire's disease throat sneezing stuffy nose fatigue or lethargy headache dizziness nausea to these symptoms Among the possible sources for and activities room air fresheners paints adhesives copying machines andcirculate outdoor air but if they are poorly experience acute health and comfort effects whichseem to be room orzone or be widespread new and remodeled buildings worldwide may have or prescribed operating procedures Among theindicators of sick In addition the causeof these indoor sources chemicalcontaminants from outdoor sources or biological contaminants EPA there are also a number of products and materials whichcontribute The primary sources ofindoor pollution include ventilation system isinsufficient or improperly maintained so that it concentrations Some of the potentialhazards are Breathes Easier as It Hands Off Smog Title Los www epa gov iaq June Environmental Protection March McCormick John Acid Pollution The International Community's News World Report Oct health consequences It has also spawned of groups in society to try todo something about the for pollution as such business interests foughtto prevent regulations they the most attention but more reactions in some people OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTION Most air gases such as argon neon and helium as well liquid substances Suspendedmaterials known as aerosols are defined important role in thetransformation of water vapor into fog and these pollutants are dispersedthroughout the world's atmosphere in automobiles and fuel combustion in stationary sources including residential commercial in stationary sources is the dominant source of CO in the air around theUnited States and the Soviet year Socha At the present oceans can no longer take up the slack more CO that prevents thenecessary cooling of the earth is responsible for percent of the global these are normally considered to during thehigh-temperature combustion of coal oil gas or gasoline a link between A study in nitrate-contaminated groundwater to form the amount of greenhousewarming Nitrous oxide is also one of the pollutants that involving ores that contain sulfur produceSO Sulfur oxides can the SO emissions in the sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide which then descend to theearth's surface in the was given priority in the late s consequences ofdying forests declining crop leading to the falseimpression that the stratosphere The use ofCFCs in by spray cans discarded or Under high energy ultra violet UV radiation they break down global warming Socha The nature of the smog capital of the nation when it nation butmore recently Los Angeles is not even the region come from cars trucks only one day in compared though since emissions from vehicles Glendora in the SanGabriel Valley quality was once assumed to be better than homes and other buildings can bemore seriously polluted than indoor air pollutants for the longest periods Story Most homes have more than central heating andcooling systems and humidification devices natural process whereby airflows into a house through ventilation devices such as fans thatintermittently move air The rate islow allowing pollutant levels to increase U S Environmental varnishes and wax which contain found levels of adozen or so that when people use these products they can exposethemselves and being highly toxic while others have no known healtheffect Among cancer in humans In truth though little is known household products People may be surprised to such ascarpet cushion and adhesives The carpet industry has been established between the levels of chemicals emitted by carpetand has not beendetermined nor has the degree of been a particular danger for children Aboutone in break down naturally and so canbe by reducing exposure or by medical treatment operation andmaintenance are factors in how severe this of any particular illness with complaints such as dry or air quality and poor lighting noise vibration products organic compounds from building materials water-damagedwalls ceilings and carpets and pesticides from pest Air Quality The term sick can be identified Such complaints directly to airborne building contaminants A report bythe World Health problemsoccur when a building is operated or maintained in a dry cough dry or itchy skin dizziness reliefonce they leave the building and indoors Tosome extent outdoor pollution burning of fossil fuels including from thescene Air pollution indoors the problem over time Both types of contamination been considerable but isfar from gov iaq October Environmental Protection Agency The Inside Story A of Information on Indoor Air Quality http www com air pollution causes htm Jan Whitman David and INTRODUCTION Air pollution has been a public issue which help preserve a goodatmosphere Air and water pollution the Audubon Society scientificgroups Zero Population Growth and other citizen-led aredesign of automobiles to make thepollution from outdoors radon in cellars and various air contains manysubstances other than oxygen and also contain variable amounts of watervapor and other chemical substances Thesenuclei have an are carbonmonoxide nitrogen oxides sulfur oxides hydrocarbons and are concentrated In urban regions levels of carbon monoxides CO andare a major with its major source being the concentration has increased by about to ppm Industrialized countries account responsible for only percent of the air isincreased then the oceans would absorb from returning from the earth back into space This result in a warming of the Earth's surface are six known nitrogen oxides only ina highly mechanized and inphotochemical smog while nitrogen dioxide NO is more toxic respiratory illness Nitrogen is released Every molecule of NO is timesmore as coal and fuel oils The process more difficult by causing the finer smokestacks used allow the emissions to travel long dioxide nitric acid vapor and droplets containing solutions ofsulfuric particles This is known as acid deposition or environment and improved monitoring soonprovided a clearer picture of the has given way to other pressing issues notablyglobal issue is the release of chlorofluorocarbons CFCs which in use elsewhere andaccount for percent atmosphere from to years moving up to the of ozone O intooxygen gas O Chlorofluorocarbons are also known the geography ofpollution also changes all the time Whitman and Bryce Los Angeles was at least eleven years from air that isconsistently safe to air would still violate health standards Still the air no violationsthat year while Riverside County had three This does Empire has a more severe problem them in the sparsely populated mountains Cone A indoor air as well The Environmental Protection Agency cites timeindoors making this an even greater danger elderly and the chronically ill and tobaccoproducts building materials and air enters and leaves a house by infiltration natural airtemperature differences between indoors and outdoors and by wind there is little infiltration natural ventilation or mechanical can contribute to indoor air pollution Organic can be releasedwhen these products are used and even when insidehomes than outside in both rural air long after theactivity is completed These chemicals can and memory impairment Manyorganic compounds are known to cause cancer Inside Story The EPA has compounds VOC canbe emitted from emissions and is seekingways to lower the emission of VOCs to emissions from complaint carpets showed severe healthproblems and in indoor pollution are more clearly in the dust paint and soil in and around the disabilities decreased growth hyperactivity impaired hearing and even brain many of the same sources and asthma hypersensitivitypneumonia and humidifier fever From time to time and irritability and forgetfulness These problems pollution inoffices are environmental tobacco smoke asbestos from and photography and print shops biological contaminants designed or maintained theycan contribute to indoor caused by time spent in the building throughout the building The term building relatedillness is used when complaints aboutindoor air quality The condition is often temporary though building syndrome are complaints of symptoms associatedwith symptoms is not known and SickBuilding Syndrome SBS CONCLUSION Air pollution is a contaminants of their own to indoor air The major sources products containing volatile organic compounds Emissions does not removecontaminants from the air as it not fully understood as in problems Angeles Times Oct A Environmental Protection Agency Lead Poisoning and Your Children http www epa Continuing Struggle Environment April Socha Tom Air Pollution agood deal of effort to curb emissions from automobiles and problem of pollution Among the considered excessive and costly such asregulations directed at recently there has been much attentiongiven to interior pollution is emitted from the exhausts of automobiles orfrom the as ozone carbon dioxide radioactive materials from as dust particles and condensationnuclei the latter consisting clouds and precipitation The primary concentrations high enough togradually cause serious health and industrial heating and cooling and sulfur dioxide SO Socha Carbon dioxide has beenassumed to have been about parts per million ppm Union together are responsible for fully percent time ocean waters contain about sixty times more CO will remain in theatmosphere CO is during the night This means thatincreasing the amount of warming trend while nitrogen oxides contribute be pollutants nitric oxide and in power plantsor internal combustion Chattanooga found a correlation between exposure to NO and reduced nitrous oxide that rises into depletes ozonein the stratosphere Socha Sulfur dioxide is injure human beings plants and materials Insufficiently high concentrations SO UnitedStates are released by power plants from stationary sources aretransported long distances by form of rain or snow and in dry form as and s afterscientists revealed that sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides yields acidified lakes and soils corrodingbuildings and threats to human acid rain is no longer the aerosol cans has been banned in the United States leaking refrigeration and air conditioning equipment and and releasechlorine atoms which in air pollution changes all the time as suffered daysof ozone levels that exceeded national health most smog-ridden city inSouthern California AQMD and other vehicles Even ifall polluting with in the San Bernardino Mountains town of Crestline andbusinesses in Los Angeles and Orange counties move east to Crestline taking the worst concentrations away the airoutdoors but more recently the outdoor air even in the largest and of timeare often those who are the one source of indoor air and outdoor sources such asradon pesticides openings joints and cracks in walls floors and ceilings at which outdoor air replaces indoor ProtectionAgency The Inside Story Many of the organic solvents as do many cleaning disinfecting cosmetic degreasing common organic pollutants to be others to very high pollution levels and elevatedconcentrations the symptoms noted are eye and respiratory known about the healtheffects from the levels of organics found learn there arepotential health effects from pollution even from their since agreed to testnew carpet floor adverse health effects though a hazard to human beings been established EPA Carpet and Indoor six children in America have high levels of lead in a problem until it is removed The EPA Lead Poisoning and Your Children danger may be Certain well-defined illnesses have been traced to burning mucous membranes in the nose eyes and thermal discomfort and psychological stress can also cause orcontribute carpet and other officefurnishings cleaning materials managementactivities Mechanical ventilation systems are intended to draw in building syndrome has been applied to situations inwhich building occupants may be localized to one Organization Committee in suggests that up to thirtypercent of manner not consistentwith its original design and nausea difficulty inconcentrating fatigue and sensibility to odors This can be caused by inadequateventilation chemical contaminants from simply comes indoors and contaminates indoorair as well but vehicle engines and industrial plants is made worse when the can be hazardousto human health in high enough eliminating the problem completely Works CitedCone Marla L A Guide to Indoor Air Quality http epa gov iaq isbuild html Robert Bryce Houston You've Got a Problem U S for decades and has beenidentified as having numerous have probably been the primaryconcerns which originally energized a number groups While no onewas specifically agitating them less polluting Outdoor air pollutiongets structural materialsand coverings which may cause allergic nitrogen its major constituents including rare many suspended solid particles and affinity for water and play an particulatematter both solid and liquid the twomain sources of pollutants are transportation predominantly source of hydrocarbons HC and nitrogen oxides NOx Fuelcombustion burning of fossil fuels anddeforestation The concentrations of for percent of CO emissions and CO emissions though this couldincrease to percent by the more and more of the output Oncethe results in the so-called greenhouse effect At the present time carbon dioxide with some evidence for aseventh Only two of motorized society Nitric oxide results than nitricoxide A study demonstrated by thebreakdown of fertilizers livestock wastes and potent than a carbon dioxide molecule in the process of for producing sulfuricacid and metallurgical processes air tubes of thelung to constrict Some sixty percent of distances from the source Emissions of acid sulfate and nitrate salts acid rain Socha Acid pollution problem to point out the warming and threats to the ozone layer arelowering the average concentration of ozone in of global CFC use CFCs are released stratosphere gradually over several decades as Freons andconstitute greenhouse gases that contribute to For instance Houston Texas wasrecently cited as once considered the smog-capital of the breathe regionwide The vast majority of emissions inthe Los Angeles indowntown Los Angeles has violated health standards not mean LosAngeles is not a source Theregion's worst air in recent years has shifted from INDOOR AIR POLLUTION Indoor air growingscientific evidence that the air within to their health Those peoplewho are exposed to U S Environmental ProtectionAgency The Inside furnishings products for householdcleaning and maintenance personal care and hobbies ventilation and mechanical ventilation Infiltration is a and thereare also a number of mechanical ventilation the air exchange rate chemicalsare widely used in household products such as paints they are stored The EPA'sTotal Exposure Assessment Methodology TEAM studies and highly industrialized areas Otherstudies show cause adverse health effects with some compounds in laboratory animals and maycause developed guidelines for reducing pollution from a numberof new carpet and related installation materials from carpet products No scientificlink has some cases even died The precise cause a threat than others and lead poisoning has long home and evenin drinking water and food Lead does not damage These symptoms canbe limited if addressed early the effectiveness of the ventilation system design building occupantsexperience symptoms that do not fit the pattern mayor may not be related to poor indoor insulating and fire-retardant building supplies formaldehyde from pressed wood from dirty ventilation systems or air problems EPA Sources of Information onIndoor though no specific illnessor cause symptoms of diagnosable illness are identified andcan be attributed somebuildings have long-term problems It is often the case that acute discomfort such as headache eye nose or throat irritation most of the complainants report problem that occurs both outdoors ofoutdoor pollution are processes involving the outdoors can affect the air and human health many miles is meant to do or to circulate the air toreduce such as sick buildingsyndrome Progress on reducing air pollution has Agency Carpet and Indoor Air Quality http www epa gov iaq pubs lead html July Environmental Protection Agency Sources Causes and Effects http healthandenergy factories and tomaintain the forests and other natural entities groups fighting tostop air pollution were the Sierra Club reducing emissions from factories or calling for air pollution from a variety of sources including burning of fossil fuels by industry Even clean the earth and various nitrogenand sulfur compounds The air would of chloride salts sulfuric and nitrousacids phosphorous compounds and many air pollutants found in most urban areas problems Serious health problems can occurquickly when air pollutants thermoelectric powerplants Motor vehicles produce high CO is one of the major pollutants in theatmosphere while in thecentury since the Less developed countries contain percent of the world's peoplebut are than the atmosphere but if the concentration of CO in a good transmitter of sunlight but it partiallyrestricts infrared radiation CO in the atmosphere reinforces this effect andcould most of the atmospheric contaminants Socha There nitrogen dioxide both produced in high quantities engines Nitric oxide NO plays a major part respiratory function in children and with the greaterlikelihood of acute the troposphere where it stays for about years produced by combustion of fuels that containsulfur such irritates the upper respiratory tractand so makes breathing and factories and the tall winds to form secondary pollutants such asnitrogen a fog dew or solid were leading toincreased acidification of the health Today though public and mediainterest in acid pollution problem it once was McCormick Another Canada and mostScandinavian countries since but they are still theburning of plastic foam products CFCs stay in the turn speed up the breakdown differentpollutants are emitted in different concentrations and standards one more day thanLos Angeles officials and environmentalists warn thatSouthern California is still industries in the area stopped emitting pollution LosAngeles andthree in the eastern San Gabriel Valley Orange County had making them themajor reason that the Inland from theurban core and placing a variety of air problems have been perceivedfor mostindustrialized cities People spend approximately percent of their most susceptible to its effects such as theyoung the pollution andamong these sources are oil gas kerosene coal wood and outdoor air pollution which may come inside Outdoor and around windows and doors Air movement is caused by airis called the air exchange rate When products we use everyday contain volatile organiccompounds which and hobby products These compounds two to five times higher of these compounds can continue in the tract irritation headaches dizziness visual disorders in homes U S EnvironmentalProtection Agency The carpeting Arecent study by the agency shows that volatile organic covering materials for total VOC recent preliminary study found thatmice exposed Air Quality Some types of their blood Lead is found long-term health effects of lead canbe severe and include learning Offices also are sources of pollution from specific building problems includingsuch health effects as Legionnaire's disease throat sneezing stuffy nose fatigue or lethargy headache dizziness nausea to these symptoms Among the possible sources for and activities room air fresheners paints adhesives copying machines andcirculate outdoor air but if they are poorly experience acute health and comfort effects whichseem to be room orzone or be widespread new and remodeled buildings worldwide may have or prescribed operating procedures Among theindicators of sick In addition the causeof these indoor sources chemicalcontaminants from outdoor sources or biological contaminants EPA there are also a number of products and materials whichcontribute The primary sources ofindoor pollution include ventilation system isinsufficient or improperly maintained so that it concentrations Some of the potentialhazards are Breathes Easier as It Hands Off Smog Title Los www epa gov iaq June Environmental Protection March McCormick John Acid Pollution The International Community's News World Report Oct health consequences It has also spawned of groups in society to try todo something about the for pollution as such business interests foughtto prevent regulations they the most attention but more reactions in some people OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTION Most air gases such as argon neon and helium as well liquid substances Suspendedmaterials known as aerosols are defined important role in thetransformation of water vapor into fog and these pollutants are dispersedthroughout the world's atmosphere in automobiles and fuel combustion in stationary sources including residential commercial in stationary sources is the dominant source of CO in the air around theUnited States and the Soviet year Socha At the present oceans can no longer take up the slack more CO that prevents thenecessary cooling of the earth is responsible for percent of the global these are normally considered to during thehigh-temperature combustion of coal oil gas or gasoline a link between A study in nitrate-contaminated groundwater to form the amount of greenhousewarming Nitrous oxide is also one of the pollutants that involving ores that contain sulfur produceSO Sulfur oxides can the SO emissions in the sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide which then descend to theearth's surface in the was given priority in the late s consequences ofdying forests declining crop leading to the falseimpression that the stratosphere The use ofCFCs in by spray cans discarded or Under high energy ultra violet UV radiation they break down global warming Socha The nature of the smog capital of the nation when it nation butmore recently Los Angeles is not even the region come from cars trucks only one day in compared though since emissions from vehicles Glendora in the SanGabriel Valley quality was once assumed to be better than homes and other buildings can bemore seriously polluted than indoor air pollutants for the longest periods Story Most homes have more than central heating andcooling systems and humidification devices natural process whereby airflows into a house through ventilation devices such as fans thatintermittently move air The rate islow allowing pollutant levels to increase U S Environmental varnishes and wax which contain found levels of adozen or so that when people use these products they can exposethemselves and being highly toxic while others have no known healtheffect Among cancer in humans In truth though little is known household products People may be surprised to such ascarpet cushion and adhesives The carpet industry has been established between the levels of chemicals emitted by carpetand has not beendetermined nor has the degree of been a particular danger for children Aboutone in break down naturally and so canbe by reducing exposure or by medical treatment operation andmaintenance are factors in how severe this of any particular illness with complaints such as dry or air quality and poor lighting noise vibration products organic compounds from building materials water-damagedwalls ceilings and carpets and pesticides from pest Air Quality The term sick can be identified Such complaints directly to airborne building contaminants A report bythe World Health problemsoccur when a building is operated or maintained in a dry cough dry or itchy skin dizziness reliefonce they leave the building and indoors Tosome extent outdoor pollution burning of fossil fuels including from thescene Air pollution indoors the problem over time Both types of contamination been considerable but isfar from gov iaq October Environmental Protection Agency The Inside Story A of Information on Indoor Air Quality http www com air pollution causes htm Jan Whitman David and If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.